![]() Ibrahim Dincer, Azzam Abu-Rayash, in Energy Sustainability, 2020 1.3.2 Climate change and global warming It has all the elements of what gave birth to quantitative risk assessment including uncertainty, rare events, limited data, different possible scenarios, and controversy. How can the evidence for global warming be assessed to get to the truth? This would seem to be an ideal problem for applying the principles of quantitative risk assessment. There continues to be diverse opinions on the causes and state of global warming. The United States' position is that the changes required to comply with the treaty would be too costly and that the agreement is flawed. Some 141 countries have ratified the treaty, but the United States is not one of them. The accord is named after the ancient Japanese capital of Kyoto, where the pact was negotiated in 1997. ![]() The fear of global warming resulted in something called the Kyoto accord whose aim is to curb the air pollution blamed for global warming. Their fear is that the warming could lead to widespread extinction of plant and animal species, cause sea levels to rise, adversely impact agriculture, and increase the severity and frequency of hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons. The concern of many scientists is that greenhouse gases upset the sun's radiation cycle with the Earth, resulting in a warming trend of the Earth. Ozone is another greenhouse gas, but is not considered a major player in the warming phenomena. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (primarily produced by fossil fuel combustion), methane (produced by biological decay, animal waste, biomass burning), chlorofluorocarbons (produced by industrial processes), and nitrous oxide (produced by fertilizer use and the burning of fossil fuels). Global warming has to do with whether the emission of certain gases, called greenhouse gases, into the atmosphere could alter the Earth's climate to the point of having disastrous consequences over time. John Garrick, in Quantifying and Controlling Catastrophic Risks, 2008 7.11 Global Warming The individualized air conditioning is most beneficial for particularly sensitive occupants because their requirements for thermal comfort will also be able to achieve.ī. ![]() Modern technology, such as wearable devices and artificial intelligence, will provide opportunities to shift from centralized to individualized air conditioning strategies in the built environment. Urban heat islands often amplify the impacts of heatwaves in cities. Any increase in global temperature (e.g., +0.5☌) is projected to affect human health, with primarily negative consequences, and heat-related morbidity and mortality. Global warming of 1.5☌ or more is predicted to increase mean temperature in most land and ocean regions, hot extremes, and heavy precipitation and probability drought in most or several regions. Global warming is likely to reach 1.5☌ between 20 if it continues to increase at the current rate. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2018 report 48 human-induced global warming reached approximately 1☌ (range of 0.8☌–1.2☌) above preindustrial levels in 2017, increasing at 0.2☌ per decade. It is likely that global warming affects the indoor temperature and challenges individual to achieve thermal comfort and thermal balance. Global warming should be recognized when assessing human thermal comfort. Risto Juvonen, in Industrial Ventilation Design Guidebook (Second Edition), 2020 5.1.8 Future perspectives
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